By Preeti Singh
Artificial Intelligence System With its Important Terminologies
An AI system can be defined as the study of the rational agent and its environment. The agents sense the environment through sensors and act on their environment through actuators. An AI agent can have mental properties such as knowledge, belief, intention, etc. An agent can be anything that perceive its environment through sensors and act upon that environment through actuators. An Agent runs in the cycle of perceiving, thinking, and acting. An agent can be:
Human-Agent: A human agent has eyes, ears, and other organs which work for sensors and hand, legs, vocal tract work for actuators.
Robotic Agent: A robotic agent can have cameras, infrared range finder, NLP for sensors and various motors for actuators.
Software Agent: Software agent can have keystrokes, file contents as sensory input and act on those inputs and display output on the screen.
Before moving forward, we should first know about sensors, effectors, and actuators.
Sensor: Sensor is a device which detects the change in the environment and sends the information to other electronic devices. An agent observes its environment through sensors.
Actuators: Actuators are the component of machines that converts energy into motion. The actuators are only responsible for moving and controlling a system. An actuator can be an electric motor, gears, rails, etc.
Effectors: Effectors are the devices which affect the environment. Effectors can be legs, wheels, arms, fingers, wings, fins, and display screen.
Intelligent Agents:
An intelligent agent is an autonomous entity which act upon an environment using sensors and actuators for achieving goals. An intelligent agent may learn from the environment to achieve their goals. A thermostat is an example of an intelligent agent.
Following are the main four rules for an
AI agent:
- Rule 1: An AI agent must have the ability to perceive the environment.
- Rule 2: The observation must be used to make decisions.
- Rule 3: Decision should result in an action.
- Rule 4: The action taken by an AI agent must be a rational action.
Rational Agent:
A rational agent is an agent which has clear preference, models uncertainty, and acts in a way to maximize its performance measure with all possible actions. A rational agent is said to perform the right things. AI is about creating rational agents to use for game theory and decision theory for various real-world scenarios. The rationality of an agent is measured by its performance measure. Rationality can be judged on the basis of following points:
- Performance measure which defines the success criterion.
- Agent prior knowledge of its environment.
- Best possible actions that an agent can perform.
- The sequence of percept’s.
- Structure of an AI Agent
The task of AI is to design an agent program which implements the agent function. The structure of an intelligent agent is a combination of architecture and agent program. It can be viewed as:
Agent = Architecture + Agent program
Following are the main three terms involved in the structure of an AI agent:
- Architecture: Architecture is machinery that an AI agent executes on.
- Agent Function: Agent function is used to map a percept to an action.
- Agent program: Agent program is an implementation of agent function. An agent program executes on the physical architecture to produce function .
