By Preeti Singh
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a wide-ranging branch of computer science concerned with building smart machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. When most people hear the term artificial intelligence, the first thing they usually think of is robots. That’s because big-budget films and novels weave stories about human-like machines that wreak havoc on Earth. But nothing could be further from the truth.
Artificial intelligence is based on the principle that human intelligence can be defined in a way that a machine can easily mimic it and execute tasks, from the most simple to those that are even more complex. The goals of artificial intelligence include mimicking human cognitive activity. Researchers and developers in the field are making surprisingly rapid strides in mimicking activities such as learning, reasoning, and perception, to the extent that these can be concretely defined. Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. The term may also be applied to any machine that exhibits traits associated with a human mind such as learning and problem-solving. The ideal characteristic of artificial intelligence is its ability to rationalize and take actions that have the best chance of achieving a specific goal. A subset of artificial intelligence is machine learning, which refers to the concept that computer programs can automatically learn from and adapt to new data without being assisted by humans. Deep learning techniques enable this automatic learning through the absorption of huge amounts of unstructured data such as text, images, or video.
Types of Artificial Intelligence
- Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)
- Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)
- Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI)
Academic Disciplines important to AI.
- Philosophy Logic, methods of reasoning, mind as physical system, foundations of learning, language, rationality.
- Mathematics Formal representation and proof, algorithms, computation, (un)decidability, (in)tractability, probability.
- Economics utility, decision theory, rational economic agents
- Neuroscience neurons as information processing units.
- Psychology/ how do people behave, perceive, process Cognitive Science information, represent knowledge.
- Computer building fast computers engineering
- Control theory design systems that maximize an objective function over time
- Linguistics knowledge representation, grammar
Intelligent Systems in Your Everyday Life
- Post Office automatic address recognition and sorting of mail
- Banks automatic check readers, signature verification systems o automated loan application classification
- Telephone Companies automatic voice recognition for directory inquiries
- Computer Companies automated diagnosis for help-desk applications
- Netflix: movie recommendation
- Google: Search Technology
- Digital voice assistants
- Google search
- Smart home devices
